ABSTRACT
Introducción: La expansión de Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) en nuevos territorios representa un gran desafío para la salud pública en el mundo, especialmente para países como Brasil, debido a sus amplias extensiones territoriales y desigualdades regionales. Objetivos: Describir, durante la pandemia, el brote de COVID-19 en una población sin hogar en el interior de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo sobre un brote de COVID-19 en el interior del estado de Mato Grosso. Los datos fueron recolectados de los registros documentales de la investigación epidemiológica municipal, en línea con el Sistema Único de Salud. Resultados: Del caso índice, una persona en situación de calle que fue trasladada al albergue municipal de Tangará da Serra/Mato Grosso, 47 personas infectadas por Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fueron confirmadas por pruebas serológicas y/o moleculares: (i) en el albergue: 8 personas en situación de calle y 5 empleados; (ii) contacto con el hogar de los empleados: 3 miembros de la familia; (iii) en la unidad hospitalaria: 19 profesionales y 6 pacientes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusiones: La falta de protección individual fue un factor decisivo para la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en el caso índice y se extendió en el albergue por la participación de contactos en el hogar. Además de los profesionales en el entorno hospitalario, donde el brote se produjo debido a factores estructurales, la falta de equipos de protección personal adecuados y la falta de una cuidadosa adopción de la bioseguridad(AU)
Introduction: The expansion of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in new territories represents great challenge for public health in the world, especially for countries like Brazil, due to its wide territorial extensions and regional inequalities. Objectives: To describe, during the pandemic, the COVID-19 outbreak in homeless people in inner Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study on COVID-19 outbreak was carried out in inner Mato Grosso state. The data were collected from the documentary records of the municipal epidemiological investigation, in line with the Unified Health System. Results: From the index case, a person living on the street who was transferred to the municipal shelter in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. Forty seven (47) people got infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they were confirmed by serological tests and / or molecular: (i) in the shelter: 8 homeless people and 5 employees; (ii) contact with the employees' home: 3 family members; (iii) in the hospital unit: 19 professionals and 6 patients in the intensive care unit. Conclusions: The lack of individual protection was a critical factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the index case and it spreads in the shelter due to the involvement of domestic contacts. In addition to professionals in the hospital environment, where the outbreak occurred due to structural factors, the lack of adequate personal protection equipment and the lack of careful adoption of biosecurity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ill-Housed Persons , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health Vulnerability , Brazil , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazil's western Amazon basin has the highest prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the country. Coinfection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) is also endemic. To estimate the prevalence of HBV and HDV markers in a population inhabiting the northwest portion of Mato Grosso state in the western Amazon. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of the seroprevalence of antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the Três Fronteiras District northwest of Mato Grosso. Anti-HBc-positive subjects were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Those positive for this marker were tested for HDV antibodies. Anti-HBc-negative participants were tested for anti-HBsAg. All tests were performed by EIA. RESULTS: A total of 623 individuals in the community were assessed; the majority (67.6%) were male, with a mean age of 30.8 ± 15.4 years. Two hundred and fourteen individuals (34.3%) were anti-HBc-positive, and 47 (7.5%) were HBsAg carriers. Only one individual was anti-HDV-positive. Among the 409 individuals without HBV infection, 18.3% were anti-HBsAg-positive. There was no association between HBV infection and known risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The study area had intermediate-to-high endemicity for HBV infection, but a low prevalence of HDV. Our serological results suggesting low vaccination-induced protection indicate a need for reinforced immunization programs in the populations of northwest Mato Grosso.